The Qishani industry flourished in Syria, especially in the province of Raqqa, at the beginning of the 16th century during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods. 

Qishani is made from white sand and gypsum, which are mixed together and poured into molds in the desired shape. Verses, hadiths, and poems are written on their surfaces, or various inscriptions are drawn on them with permanent materials. Glass powder is sprinkled on them or coated with a colloidal liquid, They are then baked in a special oven so that the glass melts and forms a thin crust that protects them from damage over time.